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(1) Academic Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, BHF Centre of Excellence and the Biomedical Investigation Centre at Guy’s St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, UK (two) Angiogenesis and Tumor Targeting Unit, and HSR-TIGET, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (three) Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy (4) Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), College of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (5) Immunopathogenesis of Liver Infections Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (6) Vascular Biology Group, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, UK (7) Membrane/Cytoskeletal Signalling Group, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, UK (eight) School of Biomedical Sciences, ASPN Protein Biological Activity Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Corresponding author: Tel: ?4 207 1880216; Fax: ?four 207 9288742; E-mail: [email protected] authors contributed equally to this function.Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) affects 1 in five individuals over the age of 75 (Berger and Hiatt, 2012). The spectrum of PAOD ranges from intermittent claudication to vital limb ischemia (CLI). The latter results from severe restriction of blood flow and manifests as continual and intractable discomfort, frequently with ulceration or gangrene on the limb (Norgren et al, 2007; Varu et al, 2010). Traditional interventions for this condition include things like arterial bypass surgery or endovascular therapies such as balloon angioplasty and stenting (Norgren et al, 2007; Varu et al, 2010). A important proportion of sufferers with CLI are, nonetheless, not amenable to these treatments and up to a fifth will require amputation in the limb within a year (Marston et al, 2006). The excellent of life of patients with CLI is equivalent to these with terminal cancer (Albers et al, 1992) underlining the will need for extra helpful revascularization methods in these sufferers.?2013 The Authors. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd on behalf of EMBO. This can be an open access short article under the terms of your Inventive Commons Attribution License (CC BY three.0), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original perform is adequately cited.EMBO Mol Med (2013) five, 858?embomolmed.orgResearch ArticleAshish S. Patel et al.Therapeutic neovascularization has been hailed as a promising therapy for patients who can’t be revascularized making use of standard approaches, but the majority of clinical studies that have applied.
