tissue dehydration, adaptive immune response, protein binding, activation of associated enzymes, migration of immune cells, and so on. In this descriptive study, our findings revealed the modifications inside the host transcriptome S1PR2 Storage & Stability expression profile when feeding an antibioticfree eating plan and recommended that feeding an antibiotic-free eating plan alters the host’s metabolic von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) supplier network as well as the expression of antiviral proteins. Abstract: China officially promulgated the announcement of banning the use of antibiotics within the animal industry in 2020. On the other hand, the prohibition of antibiotics within the animal market would lower the feed conversion price and enhance the mortality of animals. To be able to get information about the pathogenesis and host immune response of rabbits with diarrhea after getting fed an antibioticfree diet regime, we first analyzed the intestinal tissue sections of rabbits. Secondly, the gene expression variations of rabbit intestinal segments have been analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Our analysis identified 168, 593, 2069, 334, 321, and 1423 DEGs in the comparison groups S_Z (the duodenum of healthier rabbits) vs. S_B (diarrhea inside the duodenum of rabbits), K_Z (healthful rabbit jejunum) vs. K_B (rabbits with diarrhea within the jejunum), H_Z (healthier rabbit ileum) vs. H_B (rabbits with diarrhea in the ileum), M_Z (healthful cecum of rabbits) vs. M_B (rabbits with diarrhea inside the cecum), J_Z (wholesome rabbit colon) vs. J_B (colon of rabbits with diarrhea), and Z_Z (healthier rabbit rectum) vs. Z_B (rectum of rabbits with diarrhea), respectively. The reproducibility and repeatability on the final results were validated by RT-qPCR. Enrichment analyses of GO annotations and KEGG pathways revealed the host DEGs that happen to be potentially connected to acute inflammation, pressure response, tissue dehydration, adaptive immune response, protein binding, activation of related enzymes, migration of immune cells, and so on. In this descriptive study, our findings revealed the modifications inside the host transcriptome expression profile right after feeding an antibiotic-free diet program and suggested that feeding an antibiotic-free diet regime alters the host’s metabolic network along with the expression of antiviral proteins, which delivers a theoretical basis for further study on the immune response of animals fed an antibiotic-free diet program.Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This short article is definitely an open access post distributed below the terms and situations from the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ four.0/).Animals 2021, 11, 2994. doi.org/10.3390/animdpi/journal/animalsAnimals 2021, 11,2 ofKeywords: transcriptomic evaluation; no-antibiotic diet; diarrhea; rabbit1. Introduction Since the first use of antibiotics in piglets and chickens in 1949, it has been found that feeding diets containing antibiotics could retain animal intestinal overall health and cut down livestock mortality [1,2]. Nonetheless, feeding an antibiotic diet regime would progressively weaken the immune ability of animals, causing animal resistance to antibiotics and forming a vicious circle, and leading to human health problems brought on by antibiotic residues in meat [3]. Thus, the animal market and also the customer market had been increasingly calling for the abolition of your use of feed antibiotics [4,5]. For example, Sweden, the European Union, and China banned the use of antibiotics in
