tissue dehydration, adaptive immune response, protein binding, activation of related enzymes, migration of immune cells, and so on. Within this descriptive study, our findings revealed the changes in the host transcriptome expression profile although feeding an antibioticfree diet plan and recommended that feeding an antibiotic-free diet alters the host’s metabolic network and the expression of antiviral proteins. Abstract: China officially promulgated the announcement of banning the use of antibiotics in the animal market in 2020. On the other hand, the prohibition of antibiotics inside the animal business would lessen the feed conversion price and raise the mortality of animals. In order to obtain information regarding the pathogenesis and host immune response of rabbits with diarrhea right after getting fed an antibioticfree diet program, we initial analyzed the intestinal tissue sections of rabbits. Secondly, the gene expression variations of rabbit intestinal segments have been analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Our analysis identified 168, 593, 2069, 334, 321, and 1423 DEGs inside the comparison groups S_Z (the duodenum of healthier rabbits) vs. S_B (diarrhea in the duodenum of rabbits), K_Z (healthy rabbit jejunum) vs. K_B (rabbits with diarrhea inside the jejunum), H_Z (healthy rabbit ileum) vs. H_B (rabbits with diarrhea within the ileum), M_Z (AChE Antagonist review healthful cecum of rabbits) vs. M_B (rabbits with diarrhea in the cecum), J_Z (wholesome rabbit colon) vs. J_B (colon of rabbits with diarrhea), and Z_Z (healthful rabbit rectum) vs. Z_B (rectum of rabbits with diarrhea), respectively. The reproducibility and repeatability of the outcomes were validated by RT-qPCR. Enrichment analyses of GO annotations and KEGG pathways revealed the host DEGs which can be potentially connected to acute inflammation, tension response, tissue dehydration, adaptive immune response, protein binding, activation of connected enzymes, migration of immune cells, and so on. In this descriptive study, our findings revealed the alterations in the host transcriptome expression profile just after feeding an antibiotic-free diet program and suggested that feeding an antibiotic-free diet plan alters the host’s metabolic network as well as the expression of antiviral proteins, which offers a theoretical basis for additional study around the immune response of animals fed an antibiotic-free diet.Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access write-up distributed beneath the terms and situations in the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Animals 2021, 11, 2994. doi.org/10.3390/animdpi/journal/animalsAnimals 2021, 11,2 ofKeywords: transcriptomic evaluation; no-antibiotic diet regime; diarrhea; rabbit1. Introduction Because the first use of antibiotics in piglets and chickens in 1949, it has been found that feeding diets containing antibiotics could maintain animal intestinal health and reduce livestock mortality [1,2]. Having said that, feeding an antibiotic eating plan would gradually weaken the immune capability of animals, causing animal resistance to antibiotics and forming a vicious circle, and major to human overall health issues caused by antibiotic residues in meat [3]. Therefore, the animal sector as well as the mGluR1 review customer industry had been increasingly calling for the abolition from the use of feed antibiotics [4,5]. One example is, Sweden, the European Union, and China banned the use of antibiotics in
