smokers (p 0.05). SOD and TAC considerable improve following 1, two, and 3 weeks mAChR1 Modulator Molecular Weight compared with baseline in smokers (p 0.05). 40 mg/day: MDA and ISP considerably reduced right after 1, two, and three weeks compared with baseline in smokers (p 0.05). SOD and TAC important raise just after two and three weeks compared with baseline in smokers (p 0.05) six mg/day: reduction in total phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) following 12 weeks compared with baseline (p 0.01) and compared with placebo (p 0.05). Lowered phosphatidyl-ethanolamine hydroperoxide (PEOOH) immediately after 12 weeks compared with baseline (p 0.05) and compared with placebo (p 0.05). 12 mg/day: 48 reduction in total PLOOH after 12 weeks compared with baseline (p 0.01) and 35 significantly less total PLOOH at 12 weeks compared together with the handle group (p 0.05). The 12 mg/day group had 46 less phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) at 12 weeks compared with baseline (p 0.01). Comparing together with the manage group, MDA contents within the test group decreased drastically (p 0.01), and SOD and GSH-Px activities enhanced significantly (p 0.01).Choi, H.D. et al., 2011 [40]Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, potential study27 overweight subjects0, 20 mg/day12 weeksHashimoto H. et al., 2011 [41]Open-label, potential study35 cataract patients6 mg/day2 weeksKim, J.H. et al., 2011 [42]Randomized, Repeated, measured, prospective study39 heavy smokers, 39 non-smokers0, 5, 20, or 40 mg/day3 weeksNakagawa K. et al., 2011 [43]Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, potential study30 Caspase 7 Inhibitor drug healthier subjects0, six, 12 mg/day12 weeksPeng L. et al., 2011 [44]Randomized, placebo-controlled study115 healthful subjects0, 40 mg/day90 daysNutrients 2022, 14,7 ofTable 1. Cont. Author/Year/Reference Study Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study Open-label, potential study Open-label, prospective study Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, potential study Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study Subjects Dose Duration Outcome two mg/day: Concentrations of plasma 8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine lowered following four weeks and eight weeks compared with placebo (p 0.05). eight mg/day: Concentrations of plasma 8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine reduced after four weeks and 8 weeks compared with placebo (p 0.05) Elevated blood biological antioxidant possible (BAP; +4.6 , p 0.05) Lowered protein oxidation (-10 , p 0.05)Park J.S. et al., 2010 [45]42 healthier subjects2 or 8 mg/day8 weeksIwabayashi M. et al., 2009 [46] Yamada T. et al., 2010 [47] Fassett, R.G. et al., 2008 [48]35 wholesome subjects (with high oxidative pressure) 6 healthful subjects and 6 Sjoegren’s syndrome subjects 58 renal transplant recipients12 mg/day 12 mg/day8 weeks two weeks0, 12 mg/day12 monthsTotal plasma F2-isoprostanes reduced by 23.0 in placebo and 29.7 in AX groups (N.S.)Karppi, J. et al., 2007 [49]39 wholesome subjects0, eight mg/day3 monthsDecreased oxidation of fatty acids in healthier males (p 0.05)Kim Y.K. et al., 2004 [50]Open-label, prospective study15 healthy postmenopausal women0, 2, 8 mg/day8 weeksDecreased plasma TBARS levels: 2 mg group from 1.42 0.18 to 1.13 0.18 nM/mg (p 0.05). eight mg AX group from 1.62 0.14 nM/mg to 1.13 0.12 nM/mg just after eight weeks (p 0.05). Improved TAS from 0.85 0.42 mM/L to 1.90 0.58 mM/L in the eight mg group. Urinary 8-isoprostanes excretion did not decrease significantly. (See Table 3 for other outcomes.) Along with AX, other nutrients such as antioxidants have been employed in the study.Nutrients 2022, 14,8 o
