Y the the National AgriTech Innovation Plan (SA00016073), the Rural Development Administration, Korea, along with the National Investigation Founda (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1A5A8029490). tion of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1A5A8029490).Institutional Critique Board Vorapaxar Protocol Statement: Not applicable.Institutional Evaluation Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
cellsReviewThe Dictyostelium CentrosomeRalph Gr , Marianne Grafe, Irene Meyer, Kristina Mitic and Valentin PitzenDepartment of Cell Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 245, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (I.M.); [email protected] (K.M.); [email protected] (V.P.) Correspondence: [email protected]: The centrosome of Dictyostelium amoebae consists of no centrioles and consists of a cylindrical layered core structure surrounded by a corona harboring microtubule-nucleating -tubulin complexes. It truly is the major centrosomal model beyond animals and yeasts. Proteomics, protein interaction research by BioID and superresolution microscopy techniques led to considerable progress in our understanding on the composition, structure and function of this centrosome type. We discuss all at present identified elements from the Dictyostelium centrosome in comparison to other centrosomes of animals and yeasts. Keywords: microtubule-organizing center; microtubule-organization; centrosome; Dictyostelium; mitosis1. Introduction 1.1. Centrosome Types and Centrosome Duplication Centrosomes are proteinacious organelles best known for their function as important microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). They’ve been extensively studied because the late 19th century, once they were 1st characterized independently by three pioneers, Walther Flemming, Theodor Boveri and Edouard van Beneden [1]. While studying cell division in numerous fertilized eggs and tissues they recognized a role of centrosomes in mitotic spindle formation and chromosome movements. Though it quickly became clear that centrosomes duplicate when per cell cycle and that they nucleate and organize microtubules, it took until the late eighties from the last century to obtain much more insight into the manner in which centrosomes manage to accomplish so, when -tubulin was identified as a third tubulin isoform needed for microtubule nucleation [5]. At that time, it also became apparent that centrosomes consist solely of proteins, and–besides kinetochores–represent the biggest and most difficult protein complex inside a eukaryotic cell, inside the order of 100 unique protein components [6]. Comparative evolutional biology revealed that precursors of centrosomes have been currently a feature from the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) [7]. In the course of evolution distinct centrosome sorts emerged (Figure 1), and in a handful of branches with the eukaryotic tree of life, centrosomes have been even lost, most prominently in larger plants. The most typical style of centrosome is characterized by the presence of centrioles, which consist of a nine-fold symmetric cylindrical assembly of quick microtubules [10]. In G1, there is certainly one older, mother centriole, and one particular younger, daughter centriole. Primarily the mother centriole is embedded PF 05089771 Data Sheet within a h.
