Of GFPnt indicates that the superfolder mutations might presumably provide GFPnt-r5M with more stabilization energy than such compensating energy. On the other hand, we presume that the higher specific fluorescence of GFPhs-r5M than GFPnt might be caused by the mutations such as F64L, F99S and N149K mutations which can change the spectralproperties of GFP by enhancing the hydrogen bonding networks around the chromophore [22,26,28,29]. Further 
mutagenesis and structural studies need to be performed to understand the improved folding and spectral properties of the variants more exactly.Supporting InformationFigure S1 A. SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble and insoluble 69056-38-8 web protein Licochalcone-A fractions of GFPnt and GFPnt-r2M. (M: molecular weight marker, lane 1: insoluble fraction of GFPnt, lane 2: soluble fraction of GFPnt, lane 3: soluble fraction of GFPhs-r2M, lane 4: insoluble fraction of GFPhs-r2M) B. SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble 1326631 and insoluble protein fractions of GFPnt-r3M. (S, soluble fraction; I, insoluble fraction). C. SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble and insoluble protein fractions of GFPnt-r5M. (S, soluble fraction; I, insoluble fraction). D. SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble and insoluble protein fractions of GFPhs-r5M and GFPnt. (S, soluble fraction; I, insoluble fraction; M, molecular weight marker). The expected size of 27.6 kDa is indicated by arrow in the figures. (TIF) Figure S2 Chemical structure of natural L-methionine (Met) and their unnatural surrogates L-homopropargylglycine (Hpg) and L-azidohomoalanine (Aha) (Mol. Wt: molecular weight). (TIF) Figure S3 ESI-MS analysis of GFPhs-r5M incorporated with Hpg and Aha. GFPhs-r5M (A), GFPhs-r5M-Hpg 18055761 (B)In Vivo N-Terminal Functionalization of Proteinand GFPhs-r5M-Aha (C) incorporated with Met, Hpg and Aha, respectively. Inset table of each spectra shows calculated and found masses. The peaks corresponding to found masses with Met, Hpg and Aha incorporated proteins might be due to cleavage of 8 residues. We generally could observe these peaks with almost all of the samples of GFPhs-r5M variants. The GFPhs-r5M containing Hpg and Aha showed the mass shift of 222 and 25 Da respectively, compared to GFPhs-r5M with Met. (TIF)Table S1 Oligonucleotides used for saturation muta-Table SAmino acid sequence of the GFPhs-r5M. Red indicates Met replacement mutations, and green indicates the mutations for folding enhancement. The variant expressed as recombinant protein contains a hexahistidine tag sequence in the C-terminus of the protein for Ni-NTA purification. (TIF)Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: NS SGL. Performed the experiments: NS SS GR. Analyzed the data: NS SGL HJP THY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SGL NB. Wrote the paper: NS THY SGL.genesis of internal Met-free GFP construction. (TIF)
Emerging and re-emerging diseases transmitted by blood feeding arthropods are significant global public health problems. Ticks transmit the greatest variety of pathogenic spirochetes, rickettsiae and viruses of any blood feeding arthropod [1]. Infectious agents transmitted by ticks are delivered to the vertebrate host together with saliva at the bite site. Tick salivary glands produce a complex repertoire of bioactive molecules that creates an immunologically privileged microenvironment facilitating blood feeding and pathogen transmission [2]. Ticks remain attached to their hosts for a few hours in the case of soft ticks or several days in the case of hard ticks. To succe.Of GFPnt indicates that the superfolder mutations might presumably provide GFPnt-r5M with more stabilization energy than such compensating energy. On the other hand, we presume that the higher specific fluorescence of GFPhs-r5M than GFPnt might be caused by the mutations such as F64L, F99S and N149K mutations which can change the spectralproperties of GFP by enhancing the hydrogen bonding networks around the chromophore [22,26,28,29]. Further mutagenesis and structural studies need to be performed to understand the improved folding and spectral properties of the variants more exactly.Supporting InformationFigure S1 A. SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble and insoluble protein fractions of GFPnt and GFPnt-r2M. (M: molecular weight marker, lane 1: insoluble fraction of GFPnt, lane 2: soluble fraction of GFPnt, lane 3: soluble fraction of GFPhs-r2M, lane 4: insoluble fraction of GFPhs-r2M) B. SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble 1326631 and insoluble protein fractions of GFPnt-r3M. (S, soluble fraction; I, insoluble fraction). C. SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble and insoluble protein fractions of GFPnt-r5M. (S, soluble fraction; I, insoluble fraction). D. SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble and insoluble protein fractions of GFPhs-r5M and GFPnt. (S, soluble fraction; I, insoluble fraction; M, molecular weight marker). The expected size of 27.6 kDa is indicated by arrow in the figures. (TIF) Figure S2 Chemical structure of natural L-methionine (Met) and their unnatural surrogates L-homopropargylglycine (Hpg) and L-azidohomoalanine (Aha) (Mol. Wt: molecular weight). (TIF) Figure S3 ESI-MS analysis of GFPhs-r5M incorporated with Hpg and Aha. GFPhs-r5M (A), GFPhs-r5M-Hpg 18055761 (B)In Vivo N-Terminal Functionalization of Proteinand GFPhs-r5M-Aha (C) incorporated with Met, Hpg and Aha, respectively. Inset table of each spectra shows calculated and found masses. The peaks corresponding to found masses with Met, Hpg and Aha incorporated proteins might be due to cleavage of 8 residues. We generally could observe these peaks with almost all of the samples of GFPhs-r5M variants. The GFPhs-r5M containing Hpg and Aha showed the mass shift of 222 and 25 Da respectively, compared to GFPhs-r5M with Met. (TIF)Table S1 Oligonucleotides used for saturation muta-Table SAmino acid sequence of the GFPhs-r5M. Red indicates Met replacement mutations, and green indicates the mutations for folding enhancement. The variant expressed as recombinant protein contains a hexahistidine tag sequence in the C-terminus of the protein for Ni-NTA purification. (TIF)Author ContributionsConceived and 
designed the experiments: NS SGL. Performed the experiments: NS SS GR. Analyzed the data: NS SGL HJP THY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SGL NB. Wrote the paper: NS THY SGL.genesis of internal Met-free GFP construction. (TIF)
Emerging and re-emerging diseases transmitted by blood feeding arthropods are significant global public health problems. Ticks transmit the greatest variety of pathogenic spirochetes, rickettsiae and viruses of any blood feeding arthropod [1]. Infectious agents transmitted by ticks are delivered to the vertebrate host together with saliva at the bite site. Tick salivary glands produce a complex repertoire of bioactive molecules that creates an immunologically privileged microenvironment facilitating blood feeding and pathogen transmission [2]. Ticks remain attached to their hosts for a few hours in the case of soft ticks or several days in the case of hard ticks. To succe.
